In order to improve the physic↑←al properties of raw zinc ★↔§™oxide such as direct zinc oxide and indi≤÷₹♦rect zinc oxide obtained t​→ ‌hrough zinc vapor refining, and the impa∏§β↕ct of its related chemical components, heavy calc​✘ined zinc oxide is obtained after high-temp✘ε<→erature processing and calcination.

Calcined zinc oxide has a high specifi✘♦× c gravity and good fluidity, and the gl₽≠✘azes produced with it have lγ✘‌ow shrinkage, making ✔&©it less likely for tα☆he glaze surface to develop pinholes and crac✔ε∑→ks. In addition to its specific gravity, the pro™↓γduct quality standards of calc ∞ined zinc oxide are the same as those of graded $ 'zinc oxide.

The zinc oxide after high-temperature calc★×ination appears light yellow, with a melting ¶←↑point of 1975°C.

Calcined zinc oxide is an important raw '∏material for ceramic chemical fl✘Ω✔☆ux, especially used in building ceramic ©¶♣wall and floor tile glazes, as well as low€"-temperature porcelain glazes and cera&→♦©mic colorants. It is also widely used i€β πn artistic ceramic g'"¶lazes. The role and use of§•∏ ZnO in glazes: ZnO has a strong §‍₩fluxing effect in gla≠'‍σzes, which can reduce the expansionΩ↔ coefficient of the glaze, improve t≠γhe thermal stability of the product, and in™↔™crease the gloss and whiteness of the g&©π≥laze, enhancing the elasticity of ✔<the glaze. While expanding t≠αα→he melting range, it can a↑☆♥≠lso enhance the brilliance of the ₩←glaze color. However, it₽₩ should be used caut↔<iously in black glazes containing chro>↓↕mium. In summary, ZnO is mainly used↓↓♦∏ in the following aspects:

1. As a flux: When useλ™∑d as a flux in low-temperature frit glazes㧕, the general dosage is between α ₹€5% and 10%, with a typical amount of about &♣&5% in low-temperature raw materia•∑l glazes.

2. As a clouding agent: §€Adding zinc oxide to glazes with a high cont↓₩≤ent can improve the cloudiness of the glaze‍φ‍ surface. This is because ZnO can form zinc ✔±® spinel crystals. In zinc-containing clouding gla•÷✘zes, it can enhance the w→♦→‍hiteness and cloudiness of the glaze s&∏₩urface. SiO2 can improve the gloss of£☆§‌ the glaze surface.

3. As a crystallizing agent: In artist≠↓γ™ic glaze crystallizati↔"$on glazes, ZnO is an indispensable cry☆↕×↓stallizing agent, forming large cr₽✘ystal patterns during rapid coolinγσα±g of the molten glaze, which a'•re very beautiful. In cλ∞≤rystallization glazes, the dosa ≈☆ge of ZnO can reach 2≥ ₽0% to 30%.

4. Used to make cobalt sky blue gl£α±®aze: ZnO is a very important flux in cobalt sk™•δσy blue glaze, as it cβ≥∏✔an help cobalt oxide form ✘£•>a beautiful sky blue col≥≈or in the glaze.

5. As a ceramic pigment: Due to its strong fl≈₽uxing effect, ZnO can serve as a fluxing ag×↕£δent, mineralizer, and color carrier for ceramic p♥±¥↓igments. It is used as a main raw materiaπ l in the brown ceramic pigment seri↓>es.

6. As a glass additiγ€ve: Zinc oxide with added aluminum, ∏₹gallium, and nitrogen can achieve a transparency♠​ of 90%, and can be used as a glδ‍ass coating that allows visible light to pass™  through while reflectin♠φ₩±g infrared rays. The $€σ∏coating can be applied to the insδσβ£ide or outside of window glass to achieve in₽₩&sulation or heat insulat₹‌♠ion effects.