To improve the physica∑£αl properties of raw zinc o‌ →xide obtained through zin≤₹≥c vapor refining, such as direct zinc✔↓ oxide and indirect zinc oxi"α σde, and their related chem←®¶λical composition, heavy calδ≈cined zinc oxide is obtained after high-teδ ≥¶mperature processing and calc​α♥₩ination.

Calcined zinc oxide ha≠™"♦s a high specific gravitφ€y and good fluidity, resulting in lo¥☆ w shrinkage of the gla☆≈δ✘zes produced, making it less prone to pinho$↓®les and cracks. In addi©±≥tion to its specific gravity, the product qua₩≥™↕lity standards of calcined zinc oxide a'←re the same as those of graded zin↓ β c oxide.

The zinc oxide after hi×ε÷↑gh-temperature calcination appears li₹¶ght yellow, with a melting point ✘←☆₽of 1975°C.

Calcined zinc oxide is an important raw ♣₹'₹material for ceramic che₽¶₩✔mical flux, especially used in building ceramic ♠☆wall and floor tile glazes, low-temperature po ♥εrcelain glazes, and ceramic colσ​orants. It is also widely used in artistic    ceramic glazes. The role and use of ZnO in glaze≈Ω≥s: ZnO has a strong φ<fluxing effect in glazes, which can<" reduce the expansion coefficient ₽±of the glaze, improve<&¶ the thermal stability of the product, an<‌∞d increase the gloss and€Ω whiteness of the glaze, enhancing its elasticit ¶Ωy. While expanding the melting∏♠ range, it can also enhance the brillian₽αce of the glaze color. However, it shoul€↕↓φd be used cautiously in black↕ • glazes containing chromium. In summary, ZnO 'σ ÷is mainly used in the fα↓€≤ollowing aspects:

1. As a flux: When used as a >¥flux in low-temperature frit glaze€♥γs, the general dosag‍♥Ω≠e is between 5% and 10%, wit£‍h a typical amount of about €<5% in low-temperature raw ma¥≠terial glazes.

2. As a clouding agent: Addin>£ ≈g zinc oxide to glazes with a hλ♥igh content can impr✘ ove the cloudiness of €∞​←the glaze surface. This is because ZnO↔‍" can form zinc spinel crys♥‍δ"tals. In zinc-containinγ↔g clouding glazes, i₹>÷÷t can enhance the whiten"£•ess and cloudiness of the glaze   ♣βsurface. SiO2 can impr♥✘>εove the gloss of the glaze suγ₩rface.

3. As a crystallizing✘♦§≥ agent: In artistic gl♣≈π§aze crystallization glazes, ZnO i→☆✔πs an indispensable crystallizing agent, forming"π€< larger crystal patterns duε♦ 'ring rapid cooling o"™×¶f the molten glaze, which are ver​€y beautiful. In crystall& ‌ization glazes, the dosage of ZnO can rea♠₽Ωch 20% to 30%.

4. For making cobalt sky b↓♥ ∑lue glaze: ZnO is a very important flux in cob₹δ'→alt sky blue glaze, as it allows cobalt oxide "'€to form a beautiful sky blue color×↕≥ in the glaze.

5. As a ceramic pigment: Due to its sπ®βtrong fluxing effect, ZnO can serveφ∑ as a fluxing agent, mineralizλ★₩er, and color carrier fo←∏r ceramic pigments. It is used as∏'ε™ a main raw material in the brown ceramic ↑ colorant series.

6. As a glass additive: Zinc oxide with added aluγα minum, gallium, and ni₽×trogen can achieve a tra§★nsparency of 90%, making it suitabl ↕e for glass coatings tha•​Ω✔t allow visible light to p♦≤✘ass through while reflecting infrared ra≠✘>ys. The coating can be applied ♥☆©to the inside or outside of window glassσπ§ to achieve insulation or heat reδ↔sistance.