In order to improve the physical p £‍roperties of raw zinc oxide obtained thΩ ♦÷rough zinc vapor refining, such as direct zin→∏c oxide and indirect zinc oxide, and their relatφ×ed chemical composition, heavy calcined₽★∞‌ zinc oxide is obtained after high-te≈×mperature processing and calcination.

Calcined zinc oxide has a high specifi÷ γc gravity and good fluidity,←±"® resulting in low shrinkage of the gl☆​azes produced, making it ∞♠less likely for the glaze∞→ surface to develop "∑↓pinholes and cracks. ∏‍₩​In addition to its specific gra£>vity, the product quality standards of calcine♣×d zinc oxide are the same as tho∞ §se of graded zinc oxide.

The zinc oxide after high-te₽≈mperature calcination appears light β"yellow, with a melting point of 1975°C.

Calcined zinc oxide is an importa↕β¥∞nt raw material for ceramic chemical flux,φ•♦ especially used in building ceramicπ§ wall and floor tile glazes, as well as  δ§low-temperature porcelain g₹★∏lazes and ceramic colorants. I​©β™t is also widely used in artistic ce¥☆ramic glazes. Its role and use ∏←in glazes: ZnO has a strong fluxing effect in ★α<§glazes, which can reduce the exp€‍ansion coefficient of the glaze, improve the"♣☆≤ thermal stability of the product, and increase λ™the gloss and whiteness of the glaze, enhancing i≠₹™ts elasticity. While  σ✔expanding the melting range, it can also en"→✔hance the brilliance of the glaze λ¥color. However, it should be used cautious​→ly in black glazes containing chromium. In summarλ"y, ZnO is mainly used in the followinσ♥'g aspects:

1. As a flux: When used as a flux‍ ≤ in low-temperature frit glazes, the α ‍×general dosage is between 5% and 10✔±%, with a typical amou •♠nt of about 5% in loβ&≈™w-temperature raw material glaΩσ&★zes.

2. As a clouding agent:&∏‍ Adding zinc oxide to glazes with a high con₩"tent can improve the cloudiness of the glaze sur¶≠♠☆face. This is because ZnO can form zin♠↑λc spinel crystals. In zi÷✘‍nc-containing clouding glazes, it can en ♥φhance the whiteness and cloudin∞πess of the glaze surface. ±≤SiO2 can enhance the glos♥∞♥s of the glaze surfacφ&•₽e.

3. As a crystallizing agent: In£®∑γ artistic glaze crystall‌∏ization glazes, ZnO is an indisp₽ ∞αensable crystallizing agent, forming lβ↔ ♦arge crystal patterns during rapid cooling σ∏of the molten glaze, which are v§×↕ery beautiful. In crystall→÷≥☆ization glazes, the dosage of ZnO≠® can reach 20% to 30%.

4. For making cobalt sky b♣&™lue glaze: ZnO is a very important flux in> $ cobalt sky blue glaze, as it all¶₹©©ows cobalt oxide to form a b€β♥Ωeautiful sky blue color in the glaze.

5. As a ceramic pigment: Dπδue to its strong flu•× ∞xing effect, ZnO can serve as a fluxing agent,•$π÷ mineralizer, and color carrier for cer© £γamic pigments. It is ©±σused as a main raw mater¶₩ial in the brown ceramic colorαδΩant series.

6. As a glass additi​"✔ve: Zinc oxide with added a‍→luminum, gallium, and nitrogen can achieve a tr≠≤↔λansparency of 90%, making it suitable for glas≤÷'s coatings that allow visible ∏♣<light to pass through whi¶≥le reflecting infrared rays. The∞♣§ coating can be applied to the inside oφ¶≈r outside of window glass to achiev¶÷≥>e insulation or heat resistance.