In order to improve the physical proper'π¥ties of raw zinc oxide obtained through zinc vλφ← apor refining, such as direct♣α♥​ zinc oxide and indirect zinc oxide, and their• ∏ related chemical composition¥£ when used in ceramic glazes, ☆≈heavy calcined zinc oxide is obtained α€after high-temperature process<↔>≥ing and calcination.

Calcined zinc oxide has a high speci☆£"✔fic gravity and good fluidity, resulti☆€γng in glazes with low shrinkage and red≠' uced likelihood of pinholes and cracks. In a♦≥πddition to its specific gravity, the product ♦™→quality standards of calcined zincα♠∏ oxide are the same as those of graded zinc >↓σ₩oxide.

The zinc oxide after high-teγ∑♦mperature calcination ap×'Ω​pears light yellow, with a melting point of " 1975°C.

Calcined zinc oxide is an impo±☆ ×rtant raw material for ceramic ✔♦chemical flux, especially used in buildingγ←σ  ceramic wall and floor tile glazes, low-tem ≈λ perature porcelain glazes, and ceramic colora™↔nts. It is also widely used in artis¥♠βtic ceramic glazes. The role an✘α♣₩d use of ZnO in glazes: ZnO has a σ©γstrong fluxing effect in glazes, which ca₽♠n reduce the expansion coefficient of the<<♥ glaze, improve the thermal ∑ stability of the produc​λ∏★t, and increase the gloss and whiteness of ♠​₹the glaze, enhancing its★✔φ€ elasticity. While expanding₩>≤ the melting range, it can also enhance the b•♠'∏rilliance of the glaze color.×¥ ↔ However, caution should be exercised§↕ when used in black g$©εδlazes containing chr✘∑¶•omium. In summary, ZnO is mainly used i↓••←n the following aspects:

1. As a flux: When used as a flux ↑φ in low-temperature frit glazeσ>♠•s, the general dosage is betwα↓ ×een 5% and 10%, with aδ©γ₹ typical amount of ab₽¶$out 5% in low-temperature raw mat<≠♦§erial glazes.

2. As a clouding agent'™ε: Adding zinc oxide to glazes with a high c♥✔β​ontent can improve the cloudines♦δ s of the glaze surfaceφ✘. This is because ZnO can form zinc spinel∏€ crystals. In zinc-containing clouding glaz↓£es, it can enhance the whitene↕€←"ss and cloudiness of the glaze surfac£♠ ♣e. SiO2 can improve the ≤€ ♦gloss of the glaze surface.

3. As a crystallizing agent: ≠☆​§In artistic glaze crystalliΩφδ£zation glazes, ZnO is an indispensable∏→ crystallizing agent, forming large crystal patt☆σerns during rapid cooling of the♣φ¶ molten glaze, which β♥β are very beautiful. In÷€↓✔ crystallization glazes, the dosage of ZnO can re•¥§ach 20% to 30%.

4. Used to make cobalt sky blue glaze: ZnO is a ∏∏σvery important flux in cobalt sky blu∑‌e glaze, enabling cobalt oxid‍✘e to form a beautiful sky blue color in thε ​e glaze.

5. As a ceramic pigment: Due to its strong flux←↔ing effect, ZnO can serve as a fluxinπ☆g agent, mineralizer, and color carrier fo←δ≠​r ceramic pigments. It is used as a main  ∑×"raw material in the brow¶♠δ→n ceramic pigment series.★  

6. As a glass additive: Zπ ∏¥inc oxide with added aluminum, gallium, and nitr÷<ogen can achieve a transparency of 90%,∏α∑ making it suitable for glass coatings t δhat allow visible light to pass λ through while reflecting infrar♥↔ed rays. The coating can be applied to the insi♠£<≤de or outside of window glass to achieve iφ↕>nsulation or heat resis​∑♦tance.