In order to improve the ph✘δφ"ysical properties of raw zinc oxide obtaine£ ✘↓d through zinc vapor refining, su↔₹✔ch as direct zinc oxide and iβ←ndirect zinc oxide, and theirφ≠←  related chemical com¥€∏δposition when used in ceramic glaz"£λ↕es, heavy calcined zinc oxi™₽de is obtained after hiπ≠gh-temperature processδ♦≤ing and calcination.

Calcined zinc oxide has ✘©a high specific gravi σty and good fluidity, resulting in glazes&☆‌✘ with low shrinkage and reduced likelihood of pi→&'↑nholes and cracks. I÷☆βn addition to its specific gravity,™¶↓  the product quality standards≠← ♠ of calcined zinc oxide are the same as those of≤× graded zinc oxide.

The zinc oxide after high-temperatu₩•re calcination appea≤₹λγrs light yellow, with a melting point of 1975°C'↓ε♥.

Calcined zinc oxide is an important™↓" raw material for ceramic chemical flux, ®π‍especially used in building ceramic wall ↔α∑•and floor tile glazes, low-temperatur‌≤∞≤e porcelain glazes, and ceramic colorants.ε✔≈ It is also widely used in artist₽♣÷♥ic ceramic glazes. Its role and use i☆€δ×n glazes: ZnO has a strong fluxin" →λg effect in glazes, which can reduce th<€e expansion coefficient of the glaze, imp↔≠×rove the thermal stability of the product, aσ≈nd increase the gloss and whiteness of the gla  ze, enhancing its elastic€ εity. While expanding t↓φφ∞he melting range, it can also enhance the bri≠$§σlliance of the glaze co÷® ♠lor. However, caution should≥δδ© be exercised when used in black glazes cont  ≥✘aining chromium. In summary, ZnO is mainly u∞✔sed in the following ↕Ωaspects:

1. As a flux: When used↔¥α as a flux in low-temperature frit glazeε±δ©s, the general dosage is between 5% and 10%, wit>  h a typical amount of about 5∑<% in low-temperature raw material glazes.

2. As a clouding agent: Addi ←≈ng zinc oxide to glazes with a high content c​αan improve the cloudiness of th₹‌¶e glaze surface. This is becau₽>₩™se ZnO can form zinc sp÷×♠¥inel crystals. In zinc-cont↑βaining clouding glazes, it can enhance the whitφ↕eness and cloudiness of the glaze surface. S±γiO2 can improve the gloss ₽≈β₹of the glaze surface.

3. As a crystallizing agent: In artis✔✘tic glaze crystallization glaze™¶✘Ωs, ZnO is an indispensable crystalπ↔lizing agent, forming la♥↑♦rge crystal patterns during rapid ∞←cooling of the molten glaze, ±↔Ωwhich are very beautiful. In crystall←©©λization glazes, the dosage of Z₹₽nO can reach 20% to 30%.

4. Used to make cobalt sky blue glaze: ZnO ♣♠σ¥is a very important flux in cobalt sky blue g'> laze, enabling cobalt oxide to foγ✘¥<rm a beautiful sky blue color in the≤♠  glaze.

5. As a ceramic pigment: Due to its s ₩trong fluxing effect, ‌♥ZnO can serve as a fluxing₹ β agent, mineralizer, and colorλ♥≤ carrier for ceramic pigments. It is used asπ¥‍ a main raw material in the brown ceramic  ±¥pigment series.

6. As a glass additive: Zinc oxide with adde€∑≠£d aluminum, gallium, and nitrogen can achie♣δ←ve a transparency of 90%, making it suitabl&✔e for glass coatings that allow vi•♦₽sible light to pass through while reflectin&®↑g infrared rays. The coating can b✘≤e applied to the ins∏♣¥₩ide or outside of window glass to achiev↑ e insulation or heat resistance.