In order to improve the physical←∑  properties of raw zinc oxide such ©¥₹≥as direct zinc oxide and indirect zinc oxide obt∏↑♠ained through zinc vapor refining,$•¥☆ and the impact of thei ✘¥r related chemical components, heavy calcined zin ‌≥×c oxide is obtained after high-temperature✔☆€ processing and calcina₹♠× tion.

Calcined zinc oxide has a high specif±Ω₹ic gravity and good fluidity, resulting in low s$§hrinkage of the glaze∞&¥s produced, making it less lik♦ ely for the glaze surfa&≈ce to develop pinholes and cracks. In additiε<on to its specific gravi₽λ₩ty, the product quality standards <↑₹☆of calcined zinc oxide a​  re the same as those of grade"€☆♦d zinc oxide.

The zinc oxide after high-temperature calδ€™cination appears light yellow, with α₽a melting point of 197σ≈✘5°C.

Calcined zinc oxide is an important raw↓♥ material for ceramic chemical flux, esp Ω↕φecially used in building ceramic wall and floo ®♣±r tile glazes, as wellσ↕ as low-temperature porcelain gl§δ÷azes and ceramic colorants. It is al≤"¶×so widely used in artistic ceramic glazes♣>. The role and use of♠‌ε≠ ZnO in glazes: ZnO has a strong flu≠ xing effect in glazes, which can reduce the←×↓​ expansion coefficient of the glaze, imp ♠&✔rove the thermal stability of the product, and™$β increase the gloss and whiteness of the gl₩¶÷aze, enhancing its elastici★δty. While expanding the " ✔∏melting range, it can also enhance the ↕↕'brilliance of the gla✘ε>ze color. However, it s>•hould be used cautiously in black glazes co¶×δntaining chromium. In summary, ZnO is main'©$ly used in the following aspects:

1. As a flux: When used as a flux i✘™σn low-temperature frit glazes, the gen'₽eral dosage is between 5% φ× and 10%, with a typical amount of about ↑→™5% in low-temperature raw mate>βrial glazes.

2. As a clouding agent: Adding zinc oxide←×™< to glazes with a high content can im£"∞prove the cloudiness of the glaze sε♠±urface. This is because→♥₩← ZnO can form zinc spinel crystals. In zi©¥nc-containing clouding glazes, it can enhance t♥♥₩he whiteness and cloudiness of the☆₩§< glaze surface. SiO2 can improve the₹→♥÷ gloss of the glaze surface.

3. As a crystallizing agent: In artistic ✘Ωglaze crystallization glazes, ZnO is an  ‍₽δindispensable crystallizing agent, fo♣₩rming larger crystal patterns ®™×₹during rapid cooling of the molten glaz↕∏e, which are very beautiful. I₩∑♦ n crystallization glazes, the ™¥≈amount of ZnO can reach 20% to 30%.

4. For making cobalt sky blue glazε‍e: ZnO is a very important flux in cobalt "'sky blue glaze, as it allows c•↑obalt oxide to form a beau‍≈tiful sky blue color in the glaze.

5. As a ceramic pigmen↑≠$≠t: Due to its strong fluxing effect, ZnO can s↓‍erve as a fluxing agent, ™♦→mineralizer, and color carrier for ceramic pig‌>¥ments. It is used as a m≥♦←ain raw material in the br→εown ceramic pigment series.

6. As a glass additive: Zinc oxide with addeΩ★>→d aluminum, gallium, and nitrogen can achieve¶∏✘ a transparency of 90%, and can be used as a glasφ✔s coating that allows visible light to ‌∑pass through while reflecting infrared ray✘ §£s. The coating can be applied to ↑✔the inside or outside ​≤‌of window glass to achieve insula∞ tion or heat insulation effects.