In order to improve the physical properties of ₽ πraw zinc oxide obtained through zinc vapor™€ refining, such as direct z∞δ inc oxide and indirect zinc oxide, and their ∞$δ related chemical composition when use₹✔d in ceramic glazes, heavy calcined zinc ≤♦πoxide is obtained after high-temperat→♠βure processing and calcination.

Calcined zinc oxide has a high specific gravity aβ​←•nd good fluidity, resulting in low shrinkage ‌§σof the glazes produced, making ₹λ≠it less likely for pinholes and cracks to appσπβear on the glaze surface. In addition to its spec≠± ific gravity, the productδε quality standards of calcined zinc oxide a>≠Ωre the same as those"¶&γ of graded zinc oxide.

The zinc oxide after h★♦☆→igh-temperature calc←​ination appears light y♦♦₽ ellow, with a melting point of 1975°C.

Calcined zinc oxide is an impo≥→rtant raw material for ceramic chem ¥®ical flux, especially used in build↓π πing ceramic wall and ★σ∏±floor tile glazes, as well as‌↓¶ low-temperature porcelain glazes a®≠✔nd ceramic colorants. It is also widel π&y used in artistic ceramic∞₹ glazes. The role and use of ZnO in glazπ® es: ZnO has a strong fluxing effe'$Ω©ct in glazes, which ca↔₩>n reduce the expansion coefficien♣£t of the glaze, improve the thermal stabilit →↓¶y of the product, and ₩πφincrease the gloss and whiteness of the g×★λlaze, enhancing its elasticity. Whi> ¥le expanding the melting range, i​₹t can also enhance the brilliance of the gl☆σaze color. However, it should be used caut♦  iously in black glazes containing ch₽ ×©romium. In summary, ZnO is main↔≤ly used in the folloγ§δwing aspects:

1. As a flux: When used as a flux in δ&£ low-temperature frit glazes, the gen ✔§¶eral dosage is between 5% and 10%, with a t Ω÷ypical amount of about 5%♥£$& in low-temperature raw material glazes.

2. As a clouding agent: Adding zinc oxide to λ↑glazes with a high content "✔¶ can improve the cloudinessλ≠• of the glaze surface. Th×♣∏is is because ZnO can form zinc spinel crystals.÷< In zinc-containing clouding♠∑ glazes, it can enhance the​ ♣  whiteness and cloudiness of the glaze surface.∏♣β  SiO2 can improve the gloss of the glaze.

3. As a crystallizing agent∏±: In artistic glaze crystallization gla♥♦zes, ZnO is an indispensable crystallizin★¥±g agent, forming large crystal patterns during ra↔δ£pid cooling of the mol≠↑ten glaze, which are very beau♥↑∞∏tiful. In crystallization gl£ββazes, the dosage of ZnO can reach 20% to 30 ✔←↑%.

4. For making cobalt sky blue glaze: ZnO is a ve≥¶¥ry important flux in cobalt sky blue glaze, as​​  it can help cobalt oxide form a beautiful sk↑•€y blue color in the glaze.

5. As a ceramic pigment: Due to its str÷&≤ong fluxing effect, ZnO can ser®​ ↑ve as a fluxing agent, mineralizer, and±λ color carrier for ceram♦©☆©ic pigments. It is used as©©‌ a main raw material in the bεεrown ceramic pigment s×"∞eries.

6. As a glass additive: ∏∑✔Zinc oxide with added aluminum, ¶ ✘♣gallium, and nitrogen can achieve a transpar↕✔↓ency of 90%, making it≥×' suitable for glass coatings t '↑¥hat allow visible light to pass thr© ough while reflecting infra∞&™₩red rays. The coating can be applie↕$d to the inside or outside of wi €≠↓ndow glass to achieve ±÷>≤insulation or heat resiλ↕stance.