In order to improve ™✔σ↕the physical properties of raw ≤δ ‍zinc oxide such as direct zinc oxide and i₽©ndirect zinc oxide obtained through¥​♣ zinc vapor refining, and the impact of∞©σ≈ their related chemical compon∏λents, heavy calcined zinc oxide is↕π obtained after high-temperaδβture processing and calci§±‌nation.

Calcined zinc oxide has a high specific gr★♣avity and good fluidity, and the glazes pro↔∏φ÷duced with it have low shrinkag∑εe, making it less likely for the glaze surface to>✔ develop pinholes and cracks. In addition to itsδ "≈ specific gravity, the pγφ¶σroduct quality standards of calcined zinc ox÷<ide are the same as those of g∏₹ raded zinc oxide.

The zinc oxide after hi  ₽'gh-temperature calcination appears lighβ♦₩​t yellow, with a melting point of 1λ∞975°C.

Calcined zinc oxide is an import✘ φ±ant raw material for•β∞ ceramic chemical flux, especiall←↔→y used in building ceramic wΩ♣φ'all and floor tile glδ™azes, as well as low-temp∑α™erature porcelain glazes an±¶∑£d ceramic colorants. It is also w÷ idely used in artistic ceramic glazes£©. The role and use of ZnO in glazes:₹γ ZnO has a strong fluxing effect in gl≠☆azes, which can reduce the expansion ¥δcoefficient of the glaze, improve the β​∏thermal stability of t←$↑he product, and increase the gloss and whiteness ©​σof the glaze, enhancing the elasticiδ​σty of the glaze. While expanding the melt πing range, it can also enhance the brillian♠≠↑$ce of the glaze color. Howσπever, it should be used cautiously in blac∑ k glazes containing chromium. In summaεδλry, ZnO is mainly used in the following aspects♠↑£:

1. As a flux: When used as a flux in low-temperaφ"≤ture frit glazes, the ☆≠ general dosage is between 5% and 10%, with a &♣typical amount of about 5% in low-temperature rawΩ→‍ material glazes.

2. As a clouding agent: Adding zinc oxide to ™ε" glazes with a high content can improve the clou$×φdiness of the glaze s'αεurface. This is because ZnO can‌δ form zinc spinel crystals. ↓ββ£In zinc-containing clouding glazes, it canλ÷≈€ enhance the whiteness and clo←♣¥αudiness of the glaze surface®©★. SiO2 can improve the gloss of thφ∑☆e glaze surface.

3. As a crystallizing agenπ€t: In artistic glaze crystallizatio♦€n glazes, ZnO is an indispensable ₽‌™crystallizing agent, forming large cr♣≈αβystal patterns during rapid coolin±↔εφg of the molten glaze, which are very b★ eautiful. In crystalliλφ∞∑zation glazes, the dosage of ZnO&σ∏← can reach 20% to 30%.

4. Used to make cobalt sky blue glaze: ZnO is ✔§a very important flux in cobalt sky blue glaze, a'≤§s it can help cobalt oxi±≈λ₩de form a beautiful s✘'©ky blue color in the gla≤→×ze.

5. As a ceramic pigm​≈✘ent: Due to its strong f®∞£✘luxing effect, ZnO can be used as a flux↕σ↔ing agent, mineralizer, and color carrier for c♠₽"εeramic pigments. It ≤☆≈is used as a main raw material in t≠λ​he brown ceramic pigment series.

6. As a glass additive: Zinc oxi↑ ↓de with added aluminum, gal≥₹ <lium, and nitrogen can a ₹​÷chieve a transparency of 90%, and ↔>≤ can be used as a glass coating t♥♣↑hat allows visible light to pas'∏↑s through while reflecting infrared rays. The coa •ting can be applied to the insid≈ e or outside of window glass to achieve insula≥♦≠γtion or heat insulation effects.