In order to improve the physical properties o÷≤↓f raw zinc oxide sucδ​σh as direct zinc oxide and indirect zinc ox♣βφ♣ide obtained through zinc vapor refini ≤$₽ng, as well as the impact of the​♦≥✔ir related chemical components, heavy calcined zi→φ€πnc oxide is obtained after high-tempe ₽Ωrature processing and calcination↕★♥.

Calcined zinc oxide has a high specific gra♣α↕¶vity and good fluidity. The glazes prodγ↓uced using it have low shrinkage,↓  and the glaze surface is not prone to pεε₩inholes and cracks. In add∑¶¶≠ition to its specific gravity, the productΩε quality standards of calcined zinc oxide are≈×← the same as those of graded zinc ∑•oxide.

The zinc oxide after high-temperature caα∏¶™lcination appears light¶ ♥ yellow, with a melting point of 1975°C.

Calcined zinc oxide is an important raw materiaε  l for ceramic chemical flux, especi ♣♠λally used in building ceramic w<♠λ>all and floor tile glazes, low-temperature ★←≠porcelain glazes, and ceramic colorants. ​♥It is also widely us£•ed in artistic ceramiπ♥αc glazes. The role and use of ZnO in glazes: ZnO £ λεhas a strong fluxing effect in glazes, which canδ•€ reduce the expansion coefficient of the ¥ glaze, improve the thermal stabiliφ"‍ty of the product, and increase ≥♥ ≈the gloss and whiteness of the glaze, enhanε✘™∑cing the elasticity of the glaze. While expandi♣©ng the melting range, it can also enhanc∑™↓e the brilliance of the "☆‍✔glaze color. However, it should be used caut↔↔iously in black glazes containing chromium. ↕‍•§In summary, ZnO is mainly used ‍♦'∑in the following aspects:

1. As a flux: When usλπ  ed as a flux in low-temperature frit glazes,​☆↑​ the general dosage is between 5% and 10%, wi"♥↑th a typical amount of about 5% in low-temperatu® $φre raw material glazes.

2. As a clouding age♣‌∞‍nt: Adding zinc oxide to∏©& glazes with a high conte"∏εnt can improve the cloudiness of the glaze su∑π>&rface. This is because ZnO ca€&↓n form zinc spinel cr÷↑ystals. In zinc-containing clouding glazes∞λ÷‍, it can enhance the whiteness and ♥λcloudiness of the glaε÷✘÷ze surface. SiO2 can improve the glos'​₽s of the glaze.

3. As a crystallizin<×g agent: In artistic glaze c∞↑'¥rystallization glazes, ‍ ♣ZnO is an indispensable crys≠$tallizing agent. When the molten gl<♦€aze is rapidly cooled, it forms larg×≥e crystal patterns, wh¶  ♦ich are very beautiful. In crystallization glazε&&es, the dosage of ZnO can reach 20% ¥αα∞to 30%.

4. For making cobalt sky ≤‍ blue glaze: ZnO is a very important f✘¶♦ lux in cobalt sky blue glaze, as it can ©≥&∞help cobalt oxide form a beauti☆ ful sky blue color in the gl←≤aze.

5. As a ceramic pigment: Due to itλ $‌s strong fluxing effect, ZnO can serve as a&π fluxing agent, mine÷∏​¥ralizer, and color carrier for ceramic pigme¶'®☆nts. It is used as aπ€≤→ main raw material in t$★ε®he brown ceramic color®♠ant series.

6. As a glass additive: Zinc oxide with added ↔'γ♥aluminum, gallium, and nitrogen can achiev→↔✔÷e a transparency of 90%, and can±♦∑ be used as a glass coating that allows vi±♦sible light to pass through while reflectin®®g infrared rays. The coating can b<¥e applied to the inside or outside ✔ of window glass to achiev ±e insulation or heat insulation effects.